> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.arkannis.net/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming.md).

# Programming

- [Python](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python.md)
- [Classic Python](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python.md)
- [Python Cheatsheet](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/python-cheatsheet.md)
- [Python Shortcuts](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/python-shortcuts.md)
- [Dunder Methods](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/dunder-methods.md)
- [hasattr(), getattr(), delattr()](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/hasattr-getattr-delattr.md)
- [Useful Exceptions](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/useful-exceptions.md)
- [Dictionary](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/dictionary.md)
- [isinstance()](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/isinstance.md)
- [isdigit(), isdecimal(), isalpha()](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/isdigit-isdecimal-isalpha.md)
- [return](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/return.md)
- [Functions](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/functions.md)
- [Lists](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/lists.md)
- [ord(), chr()](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/ord-chr.md)
- [squares, twos, odds](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/squares-twos-odds.md)
- [Bubble sort](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/bubble-sort.md)
- [append() and insert()](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/append-and-insert.md)
- [Bitwise operators](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/bitwise-operators.md)
- [while, for & else](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/while-for-and-else.md)
- [Arithmetic Operators](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/arithmetic-operators.md)
- [equal operators](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/equal-operators.md): (\*=, //=, +=, -=, %=)
- [Structure Projects](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/classic-python/structure-projects.md)
- [Modules](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules.md)
- [Webscraping](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules/webscraping.md)
- [BeautifulSoup](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules/webscraping/beautifulsoup.md)
- [PySimpleGui](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules/pysimplegui.md)
- [Fast Crashcourse on PySimpleGui](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules/pysimplegui/fast-crashcourse-on-pysimplegui.md)
- [os](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules/os.md): Module to interact with the operating system
- [python-docx](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules/python-docx.md): Module used for manipulating Documents
- [Generate DOCX file](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules/python-docx/generate-docx-file.md)
- [psycopg2](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules/psycopg2.md): Module used for database connection (PostgreSQL)
- [PostgreSQL Connection](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules/psycopg2/postgresql-connection.md)
- [Pydantic Model vs SQLAlchemy Model](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/modules/pydantic-model-vs-sqlalchemy-model.md)
- [Frameworks](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks.md)
- [FastAPI](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi.md): On Stop Shop Module for creating APIs with Python
- [FastAPI Quick overview](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/fastapi-quick-overview.md)
- [Installing FastAPI and Dependencies](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/installing-fastapi-and-dependencies.md)
- [Starting FastAPI](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/starting-fastapi.md)
- [Path Operations](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/path-operations.md)
- [Creating HTTP Operation paths](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/creating-http-operation-paths.md)
- [Send Data via Body of HTTP Request](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/send-data-via-body-of-http-request.md)
- [Schema Validation with Pydantic](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/schema-validation-with-pydantic.md)
- [CRUD Operations](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/crud-operations.md)
- [Storing in Array](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/storing-in-array.md)
- [Retrieve one individual entry](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/retrieve-one-individual-entry.md)
- [Changing response Status Codes](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/changing-response-status-codes.md)
- [Deleting entries](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/deleting-entries.md)
- [Updating entries](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/updating-entries.md)
- [API Documentation](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/api-documentation.md)
- [Setup App Database & connect to database](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/setup-app-database-and-connect-to-database.md)
- [FastAPI Response Model via Pydantic](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/fastapi-response-model-via-pydantic.md)
- [Hashing passwords via FastAPI](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/hashing-passwords-via-fastapi.md)
- [Getting user by ID](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/getting-user-by-id.md)
- [FastAPI Routers](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/fastapi-routers.md)
- [Router Prefix](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/router-prefix.md)
- [Router Tags](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/router-tags.md)
- [JWT Token Basics](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/jwt-token-basics.md)
- [Login Process](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/login-process.md)
- [Creating Token with OAuth2](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/creating-token-with-oauth2.md)
- [OAuth2 PasswordRequestForm](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/oauth2-passwordrequestform.md)
- [Verify user is Logged In](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/verify-user-is-logged-in.md)
- [Protecting Routes](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/protecting-routes.md)
- [Fetching User in Protected Routes](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/fastapi/fetching-user-in-protected-routes.md)
- [SQLAlchemy](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/sqlalchemy.md)
- [What is an ORM](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/sqlalchemy/what-is-an-orm.md)
- [SQLAlchemy setup](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy-setup.md)
- [Adding CreatedAt Column](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/sqlalchemy/adding-createdat-column.md)
- [CRUD via SQLAlchemy](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/sqlalchemy/crud-via-sqlalchemy.md)
- [Efficient way of passing params in SQLAlchemy](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/sqlalchemy/efficient-way-of-passing-params-in-sqlalchemy.md)
- [Creating Users Table via SQLAlchemy & FastAPI](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/frameworks/sqlalchemy/creating-users-table-via-sqlalchemy-and-fastapi.md)
- [Virtual Environments (venv)](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/python/virtual-environments-venv.md)
- [General Programming Concepts](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/general-programming-concepts.md)
- [Interview Questions & Answers](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/interview-questions-and-answers.md)
- [General Programming Questions](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/interview-questions-and-answers/general-programming-questions.md)
- [Python Interview Questions Beginner](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/interview-questions-and-answers/python-interview-questions-beginner.md)
- [Courses](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses.md)
- [Python - PCAP-31-03 Course](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course.md)
- [Overview & Introduction](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/overview-and-introduction.md)
- [Exam Syllabus](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/overview-and-introduction/exam-syllabus.md)
- [Basics of variables](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/overview-and-introduction/basics-of-variables.md)
- [Basic Data Types](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/overview-and-introduction/basic-data-types.md)
- [Basic Arithmetic in Python](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/overview-and-introduction/basic-arithmetic-in-python.md)
- [Indexing and Slicing Strings](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/overview-and-introduction/indexing-and-slicing-strings.md)
- [Basic String Methods](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/overview-and-introduction/basic-string-methods.md)
- [Format Method](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/overview-and-introduction/format-method.md)
- [Strings are Immutable](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/overview-and-introduction/strings-are-immutable.md)
- [Lists, Tuples and Dictionaries](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/lists-tuples-and-dictionaries.md)
- [Lists](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/lists-tuples-and-dictionaries/lists.md)
- [Accessing Elements in Nested Lists](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/lists-tuples-and-dictionaries/accessing-elements-in-nested-lists.md)
- [Finding Index positions in Lists and counting duplicates](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/lists-tuples-and-dictionaries/finding-index-positions-in-lists-and-counting-duplicates.md)
- [Tuples](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/lists-tuples-and-dictionaries/tuples.md)
- [Dictionaries](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/lists-tuples-and-dictionaries/dictionaries.md)
- [Comparison Operators](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/lists-tuples-and-dictionaries/comparison-operators.md)
- [Functions and Variable Scope](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/functions-and-variable-scope.md)
- [Creating functions](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/functions-and-variable-scope/creating-functions.md)
- [\*args and \*\*kwargs](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/functions-and-variable-scope/args-and-kwargs.md)
- [Basic Variable scope](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/functions-and-variable-scope/basic-variable-scope.md)
- [Scope and Nested functions](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/functions-and-variable-scope/scope-and-nested-functions.md)
- [Control Flow](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/control-flow.md)
- [If & Else Statements](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/control-flow/if-and-else-statements.md)
- [Elif Statements](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/control-flow/elif-statements.md)
- [For Loops](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/control-flow/for-loops.md)
- [Pass Statement in For Loops](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/control-flow/pass-statement-in-for-loops.md)
- [While Loops](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/control-flow/while-loops.md)
- [Looping and Unpacking with Dictionaries and Tuples](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/control-flow/looping-and-unpacking-with-dictionaries-and-tuples.md)
- [Range, Enumerate and Zip Functions](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/control-flow/range-enumerate-and-zip-functions.md)
- [More Handy Functions and the Random Package](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/control-flow/more-handy-functions-and-the-random-package.md)
- [Accepting Input from User](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/control-flow/accepting-input-from-user.md)
- [Modules, Packages and OOP](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop.md)
- [Revising the Difference between Methods and Functions](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/revising-the-difference-between-methods-and-functions.md)
- [Classes and Objects](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/classes-and-objects.md)
- [Classes Attributes vs Object Attributes](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/classes-attributes-vs-object-attributes.md)
- [Calling Python Code that is Saved in Another File](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/calling-python-code-that-is-saved-in-another-file.md)
- [Inheritance and Polymorphism](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/inheritance-and-polymorphism.md)
- [Abstract Classes and Methods](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/abstract-classes-and-methods.md)
- [Practical Application of OOP](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/practical-application-of-oop.md)
- [Double Under (Dunder) Methods](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/double-under-dunder-methods.md)
- [Python Script Files](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/python-script-files.md)
- [Python Files](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/python-files.md)
- [Understanding the if \_\_name\_\_ == '\_\_main\_\_' Syntax](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/modules-packages-and-oop/understanding-the-if-__name__-__main__-syntax.md)
- [File IO and Exception Handling](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/file-io-and-exception-handling.md)
- [Exception Handling](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/file-io-and-exception-handling/exception-handling.md)
- [File IO](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/file-io-and-exception-handling/file-io.md)
- [File IO with Exception Handling](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/file-io-and-exception-handling/file-io-with-exception-handling.md)
- [OS Module](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/file-io-and-exception-handling/os-module.md)
- [argv Command Line Arguments and the re Module](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/file-io-and-exception-handling/argv-command-line-arguments-and-the-re-module.md)
- [Misc Stuff and Q\&A](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/courses/python-pcap-31-03-course/misc-stuff-and-q-and-a.md)
- [IDE](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/ide.md)
- [Virtual Studio Code](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/ide/virtual-studio-code.md)
- [Cheatsheet](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/ide/virtual-studio-code/cheatsheet.md)
- [Postman](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/postman.md)
- [Postman Overview](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/postman/postman-overview.md)
- [Create a GET HTTP request](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/postman/create-a-get-http-request.md)
- [HTTP Requests](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/postman/http-requests.md)
- [Saving Postman requests](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/postman/saving-postman-requests.md)
- [Environment Variables](https://docs.arkannis.net/programming/postman/environment-variables.md)