# Python Cheatsheet

### Diference between `print` and `return`:

* `print` prints to the screen
* `return` can be captured in a variable

### General Methods

* `.append` - adds item to the `list` or the `dict`
* `.pop` - "pops" out the last item by default or the item with the index
  * `lists`: my\_list.pop(\<item\_number>)
  * `dicts`: dict.pop('key')
* `.upper` - uppercases all letters
* `.lower` - lowercases all letters
* `.capitalize` - Capitalizez first letter and lowercase the rest
* `.isdigit` - Checks if the string is a digit and returns a boolean value (True or False)
* `.format` - This will replace `{0}` with the value provided in the `format` method
  * `Example` sentence = "The sum of 5 + 10 is {0}".format(50)
* `.sort` - will sort the list in ascending order
  * `Example` my\_list.sort() # Sorts the list to \[1,2,3,4,5]
* `.reverse` - will reverse the current order
  * `Example` my\_list.reverse() # Reverses it to \[5,4,3,2,1]
* `.index('a')` - shows the index position of 'a'
* `.count('a')` - counts how many times 'a' appers in the list
* `.strip` - removes starting or ending spaces

## Dictionary Methods

* `.keys` - will print only the keys
* `.values` - will print only the values
* `.get("weight")` - will get the value of the key
* `.items` - gets the whole entry from the dictionary
  * Example:

```python
for entry in employees.items():
	print(entry)
```

## String manipulation methods

1. Some of the methods offered by strings are:

capitalize() – changes all string letters to capitals; center() – centers the string inside the field of a known length; count() – counts the occurrences of a given character; join() – joins all items of a tuple/list into one string; lower() – converts all the string's letters into lower-case letters; lstrip() – removes the white characters from the beginning of the string; replace() – replaces a given substring with another; rfind() – finds a substring starting from the end of the string; rstrip() – removes the trailing white spaces from the end of the string; split() – splits the string into a substring using a given delimiter; strip() – removes the leading and trailing white spaces; swapcase() – swaps the letters' cases (lower to upper and vice versa) title() – makes the first letter in each word upper-case; upper() – converts all the string's letter into upper-case letters.

1. String content can be determined using the following methods (all of them return Boolean values):

endswith() – does the string end with a given substring? isalnum() – does the string consist only of letters and digits? isalpha() – does the string consist only of letters? islower() – does the string consists only of lower-case letters? isspace() – does the string consists only of white spaces? isupper() – does the string consists only of upper-case letters? startswith() – does the string begin with a given substring?